SYDNEY, March 17 — Australian researchers said today they have mapped the immune responses from one of country's first coronavirus patients, findings that the health minister said were an important step in developing a vaccine and treatment.

The coronavirus has infected more than 168,000 people worldwide and killed at least 6,610, according to the World Health Organisation.

While the bulk of those infected experience only mild symptoms, it is severe or critical in 20 of patients. The virus has been fatal in about 3.4 per cent of reported cases.

As scientists scramble to develop a vaccine, researchers at Australia's Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity said they had taken an important step in understanding the virus.

By examining the blood results from an unidentified woman in her 40s, they discovered that people's immune systems respond to coronavirus in the same way it typically fights flu.

The findings would help scientists understand why some patients recover while others develop more serious respiratory problems, the researchers said.

“People can use our methods to understand the immune responses in larger Covid-19 cohorts, and also understand what’s lacking in those who have fatal outcomes,” said Katherine Kedzierska, professor of microbiology and immunology at the University of Melbourne, referring to the disease caused by the coronavirus.

As researchers monitored the Australian patient's immune response, they could accurately predict when she would recover, which she did.

Minister for Health Greg Hunt said the research was a major development.

“It's about fast-tracking a vaccine by identifying which candidates are most likely to be successful,” Hunt told reporters.

“It's also about fast-tracking potential therapies and treatments for patients who already have coronavirus.”

At least a dozen drugmakers around the world are working on vaccines or antiviral and other treatments for the fast-spreading contagion.

But investment costs for vaccines could run as high as US$800 million (RM3.44 billion) in a process that, even if accelerated, will likely take more than a year until approval, according to executives from companies involved in the effort. — Reuters