SINGAPORE, Dec 1 — Singapore has tied with America’s New York to share the unwanted title of being the most expensive city to live in, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit’s (EIU) latest Worldwide Cost of Living index.

Results of the survey, which were released today, showed that a combination of high incomes and a strong exchange rate propelled both financial hubs to the top of the list.

While this is the first time New York has topped the rankings, it is the eighth time for Singapore in the past decade.

Last year’s top spot was held by Israel’s Tel Aviv, with Singapore sharing the second position with France’s capital, Paris. New York was ranked sixth.

CITY RANKINGS FOR 2022

Top 10 positions

1. Singapore

1. New York, US

3. Tel Aviv, Israel

4. Hong Kong, special administrative region of China

4. Los Angeles, US

6. Zurich, Switzerland

7. Geneva, Switzerland

8. San Francisco, US

9. Paris, France

10. Copenhagen, Denmark

10. Sydney, Australia

Bottom 10 positions

161. Colombo, Sri Lanka

161. Bangalore, India

161. Algiers, Algeria

164. Chennai, India

165. Ahmedabad, India

166. Almaty, Kazakhstan

167. Karachi, Pakistan

168. Tashkent, Uzbekistan

169. Tunis, Tunisia

170. Tehran, Iran

171. Tripoli, Libya

172. Damascus, Syria

The biannual survey, conducted between Aug 16 and Sept 16 this year, compares more than 400 individual prices across over 200 products and services in 172 cities.

EIU — the research and analysis division of the Economist Group, which also manages the Economist newspaper — said that the survey has been designed to enable human resources and finance managers to calculate cost-of-living allowances and build compensation packages for expatriates and business travellers.

The Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) said in December last year, after the release of EIU’s previous report, that the results "may not reflect the cost of living of Singaporean households”.

For instance, it said that the EIU consumption basket includes items such as international foreign daily newspapers that tend to be more expensive than what Singaporean households typically consume, such as local newspapers.

In response to TODAY's queries, Upasana Dutt, head of Worldwide Cost of Living at EIU, said on Thursday that its survey includes products and services which are common all across the cities in order to provide standardisation and direct city-to-city comparisons.

These include categories such as food, drinks, clothing, household supplies and personal care items, home rent, and transport, she said.

In any case, MTI said last year that EIU’s survey findings were compiled by comparing the prices of goods and services across countries and converting them from their local currencies to US dollars.

"This means that the rankings are sensitive to currency fluctuations. However, currency fluctuations have less impact on the cost of living of Singaporeans who earn their income in Singapore dollars,” said MTI then.

‘Consistently high cost of living’

Commenting on its latest findings for Singapore, EIU said that the country has faced a consistently high cost of living.

"The city state has the world’s highest transport prices, owing to strict government controls on car numbers. It is also among the most expensive cities for clothing, alcohol and tobacco, thanks to its success as a premier location for business investment,” said the company.

And because of Singapore’s strong currency, it has a tendency of ranking highly on EIU’s index.

EIU said prices are higher when expressed in international common currency, while structural factors such as competition or high demand play a key role in determining the cost of living as well.

It added that because it converts local currency prices into US dollars to calculate each city’s index, EIU’s rankings are also driven by exchange rates against the dollar.

Dutt said that as compared to other currencies, the Singapore dollar depreciated relatively less which caused the city to stay as one of the most expensive.

Beyond Singapore’s strong currency, EIU also cited high inflation which has led to the cost of living soaring in the world’s major cities as war in Ukraine and continuing pandemic restrictions disrupt supply chains, particularly for energy and food.

On average, EIU said prices have risen by 8.1 per cent in local-currency terms, the highest rate in the 20 years for which the firm has collected digital data.

While utility and food prices have increased sharply amid trade restrictions caused in part by the Ukraine war, EIU said petrol prices have seen the most rapid increases.

The firm found that the price of a litre of petrol has risen by 22 per cent year on year on average in local-currency terms amid higher global oil prices and a stronger US dollar.

Meanwhile, prices for gas and electricity saw a global average increase of 11 per cent, compared to the 29 per cent on average in local-currency terms in western European cities as the region tries to wean itself off Russian energy.

Despite the relatively bleak outlook, EIU said "prices may be starting to ease” in some countries as interest rates bite and the global economy slows. Supply-chain blockages should also start to ease as freight rates come down and demand softens.

"Unless the war in Ukraine escalates, we predict that commodity prices for energy, food and for supplies such as metals are likely to fall sharply in 2023 compared with 2022 levels, although they are likely to stay higher than previous levels,” said EIU.

Overall, EIU forecasts that global consumer price inflation will fall from an average of 9.4 per cent this year to a still-high 6.5 per cent in 2023.

TODAY has sought comment from MTI regarding EIU’s latest report. — TODAY