MEXICO CITY, Oct 8 — US Secretary of State Antony Blinken, in a visit to Mexico, today will try to mend frayed ties between the neighbours, who are thrashing out a major new security cooperation agreement and wrestling over how to deal with a spike in immigration.

The top US diplomat will hold talks with Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador at a time when the Biden administration is increasingly reliant on Mexico to stem the flow of Latin American migrants heading to the United States.

Blinken’s visit is part of the Biden administration’s first US-Mexico High-Level Security Dialogue, in which the two countries will negotiate a sweeping new agreement on how to tackle everything from drug flows to the United States to the smuggling of US-made guns into Mexico.

State Department spokesperson Ned Price said yesterday that Washington was looking at ways to "reinvigorate security cooperation.”

"This will really be one of the core elements of the discussions,” he added.

Blinken, who is due to also meet Mexican Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard, will be joined by Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas and US Attorney General Merrick Garland.

US-Mexico relations suffered a major blow last October when US anti-narcotics agents arrested Mexican former defence minister Salvador Cienfuegos, outraging the Mexican government. Cienfuegos was freed, but the detention strained relations and hurt security cooperation.

US officials are touting the new security accord as broader than the previous agreement, the Merida Initiative, under which the United States channeled about US$3.3 billion to help Mexico fight crime.

Launched in 2007, the Merida Initiative initially provided military equipment for Mexican forces and later helped train Mexico’s security forces and the judiciary. But Lopez Obrador has been a vocal critic of the program, saying it was tainted by its association with previous governments and for financing security equipment in the 2000s.

Mexican officials say the new agreement will likely focus on the exchange of information, the root causes of violence, and stemming the flow of US-made guns to Mexico, a key point of concern for Lopez Obrador.

But negotiating a new agreement will be painful. The United States wants a more muscular approach to battling drug cartels while Lopez Obrador prefers softer and less confrontational methods to fighting gangs, said Vanda Felbab-Brown, a security and foreign policy analyst.

"There is a minimal area of overlap,” said Felbab-Brown, a senior fellow in the Foreign Policy program at the Brookings Institution, a Washington think tank. "The US is in an awkward position here because the Lopez Obrador administration is very comfortable with ending security cooperation.”

What is more, the talks about the new security cooperation may be overshadowed by immigration concerns.

A surge in the number of Haitian and Latin American migrants arriving at the US-Mexico border plunged the Biden administration into another crisis last month and underlined Washington’s reliance on Mexico to help stem the flow.

Mexico’s importance in managing immigration has given the Lopez Obrador administration leverage to pursue more independent policies in other areas, Mexican officials say privately.

During the US presidential transition early this year, Mexico made it tougher for American law enforcement agents to operate in the country. Mexico has also delayed visas for US anti-narcotics officers, the US media has reported.

A senior Mexican security official said there was optimism about the new agreement on the Mexican side and there may be scope to review the restrictions imposed on US agents operating on Mexican soil, but the conditions cannot return to how they were before Cienfuegos’ arrest.

"I think part of the US government knows that that’s not possible,” the Mexican official said. — Reuters