NEW YORK, April 11 ― St. Anselm Roman Catholic Church in New York’s Brooklyn borough is used to limping along, month after month, at a budget deficit of several thousand dollars a week.

But the church that sits in the city that is the epicenter of the US coronavirus pandemic could always count on Easter. Last year, its Easter pew collection brought in $11,651. That was more than twice an average Sunday and, coupled with the church’s online Easter donations of US$2,500 (RM10,771), enough to cover its weekly operating expenses of $13,000, according to church records.

Like most churches around the United States, St. Anselm’s will be closed on Sunday, its members unable to gather and its priests unable to meet with them as the nation endures its worst public-health crisis in a century.

But just as American churches have been unable to meet their members’ spiritual needs -- perhaps most painfully represented in the absence of public funerals for the thousands who have died -- they also have faced their own unmet needs in the form of untouched collection baskets.

"We are in uncharted waters, financially,” said John Quaglione, a St. Anselm’s parishioner who is also a spokesman for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn. "There will be some serious conversations and some strong conversations with the parishes and the economic folks to help get us through this.”

A sign at the door of the closed Saint Anselm Church is seen during the outbreak of coronavirus disease (Covid-19) in the Brooklyn borough of New York, US, April 10, 2020. ― Reuters pic

Easter Sunday is one of the biggest donation days of the year for US churches, due largely to the spikes in attendance they typically see, according to church officials and non-profit groups.

Even before health guidance shuttered most US churches, many were struggling financially. Just half of Americans reported belonging to a church, synagogue or mosque in 2018, according to Gallup polling, down from 70 per cent two decades earlier. Those who attend services go more erratically, according to the Pew Research Centre, leaving fewer people to fill collection baskets.

The high cost of maintaining older church buildings and ― particularly for the Catholic church, legal costs related to the clergy sex abuse scandal ― have also taken a toll on churches in the United States and around the world.

"This is the first time where we have this almost national shutdown of churches,” said John Berardino, president of Fredericksburg, Virginia-based Griffin Capital Funding, which specializes in church real-estate loans. He said he believed the extended shutdowns would take a heavy financial toll on about half of US churches.

Scott McConnell, executive director of Nashville, Tennessee-based LifeWay Research, which conducts surveys and research for Christian ministries, sounded a similar note.

"It would not surprise me at all if 5 per cent of churches close over the next year,” McConnell said.

That is five times the typical annual closure rate estimated by The Christian Century, a US mainline Protestant magazine.

Most American churches do not have sizeable endowments. According to LifeWay, 26 per cent of churches have seven weeks or less of operating income. An additional quarter only have enough to last eight to 15 weeks.

"Churches at the end of their life cycle are going to be at the brink” during the coronavirus crisis, said McConnell.

The pain of the closures is not just fiscal.

After announcing a sweeping list of cancellations, Bishop Charles Blake of the Church of God in Christ, the largest US Pentecostal denomination, expressed regret at their necessity.

"While the fellowship with one another is priceless, your safety is most important to us,” Blake said, adding, "stay at home.”

A man prays outside the closed Saint Anselm Church during the outbreak of coronavirus disease (Covid-19) in the Brooklyn borough of New York, US, April 10, 2020. ― Reuters pic

First bankruptcy, then the virus

Three years ago, the Mount Calvary Pentecostal Church in Youngstown, Ohio, which had been a pillar of its community since its founding in 1918, the year of the Spanish Flu, faced the "perfect storm,” said the church’s bankruptcy attorney, Andrew Suhar.

"Shrinking population, shrinking congregation and shrinking donations,” Suhar said.

The Church filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and began to work with its major lender, the Christian Community Credit Union, to reorganize. In 2018, the church emerged successfully from bankruptcy with a new solvency plan, which was on the way to putting the church’s balance sheet back in order — until Covid-19 emerged.

"They had worked so hard and done such a good job,” said the church’s legal counsel, Matthew Blair. "Now, with Covid-19, there is no church attendance ... Revenue is non-existent.”

Mount Calvary’s pastor declined to be interviewed.

Many churches are turning to their online donation portals for help, but those typically lag what funnels into church coffers from passed donation plates during Sunday services.

"Many churches are still run by older people ... they may not be as technically savvy,” said Berardino, of Griffin.

He noted that religious organizations and lenders had successfully lobbied lawmakers to include church personnel in the list of American workers offered support by the US$2.3 trillion coronavirus relief package passed by Congress last month. Churches will also be eligible for the administration’s stimulus package small business loans. ― Reuters